Shih Tzu: Dog Breed Guide

The name of the breed Shih Tzu comes from the Chinese language and means lion. Dogs of this breed were supposed to resemble lions depicted in a traditional, oriental way. Shih Tzus resembling a lion were associated with strength and courage.

According to Buddhists, a dog of this breed accompanied Buddha during his wanderings, and in moments of danger it transformed into a mighty lion. In Mandarin, this breed is called "Xi Shi dog", or the dog of the most beautiful woman in ancient China. You can also come across the name "Tibetan lion dog" or "chrysanthemum dog".

Shih Tzu Origin

One theory about the origins of the Shih Tzu breed is that the dogs were created by crossing two other Asian breeds – the Pekingese and the Lhasa Apso. DNA studies, however, show that the Shih Tzu is a much older breed.

The Beginning

Originally small, impressively haired dogs with a short muzzle, Shih Tzus were bred exclusively in China, where they guarded monasteries and holy shrines. When they reached the imperial court, they became the rulers' favourite. For many years, there was a total ban on selling Shih Tzus outside the country's borders in China.

Shih Tzu dogs became extremely popular in the second half of the 19th century. However, professional breeding of this breed of dogs did not begin until the reign of Empress Tzu Hsi, to whom the Shih Tzu owes its current appearance. The Empress decided on the selection of breeding pairs and also ordered the life history of individual quadrupeds to be recorded. After her death, breeding continued, although it was no longer as well thought out.

Development of the Breed

In 1934, the first Dog Breeders Association was founded in Beijing. Four years later, the first Chinese Shih Tzu breed standard was created, and the dogs began to be presented at shows resembling Western dog shows. It was not until the early 20th century that China allowed the export of dogs of this breed – in 1931, the first 

Shih Tzu were brought to Europe by Miss Hutchins and Lord Brownrigg from Great Britain.

Three years later, the breed was officially distinguished in England and the first British Shih Tzu club was founded, which developed the first European standard in 1935. In 1940, the breed was recognised by the British Kennel Club and detailed stud books began to be kept.

Currently

Currently, the Shih Tzu is one of the most popular breeds chosen by people looking for a small dog for company. These cheerful, devoted and undemanding dogs work great even in urban conditions. They are also extremely effective show dogs and have a crowd of passionate fans.

What Were Shih Tzus Bred For?

Shih Tzus were bred to be loyal lap warmers, charming companions, and symbols of royalty. They weren’t herders or hunters – instead, these furry friends had a job far more prestigious: to bring joy to emperors, offer calm companionship in monasteries, and snooze elegantly on silk cushions. Essentially, they were bred to love and be loved – the pawfect palace pup.

Shih Tzu Breed Group

Shih Tzus belong to the Toy Group, and that’s not just because of their petite size. These pooches were designed to be adored. They’re companion dogs through and through – their main mission? To stick close to their humans and spread sunshine wherever they go.

Shih Tzu Size

They may be small in size, but Shih Tzus have giant personalities. Here's what to expect when it comes to their height and weight.

How Big Do Shih Tzus Get?

Shih Tzus typically grow to about 20–28 cm tall at the shoulder – that’s roughly the size of a large loaf of bread with extra fluff.

How Much Should a Shih Tzu Weigh?

An adult Shih Tzu usually weighs between 4.5–8 kg. Anything more, and you might be dealing with a few too many sneaky snackies.

When Do Shih Tzus Stop Growing?

Most Shih Tzus stop growing in height and length by around 10–12 months of age. After that, it’s all about maintaining their pawfect figure.

Shih Tzu Coat

That iconic flowing coat isn’t just for show – it’s a big part of what makes a Shih Tzu, well, a Shih Tzu.

Do Shih Tzus Shed?

Technically, yes – but not much. Their long, flowing coat traps any loose hairs, so you won’t find them sprinkled across your sofa. Regular brushing keeps it all in check.

Are Shih Tzus Hypoallergenic?

No dog is 100% hypoallergenic, but Shih Tzus come close. Their low-shedding coat and minimal dander make them a good match for allergy sufferers – just remember, grooming is a must.

How to Groom a Shih Tzu

Maintaining the impressive coat of a shih tzu dog takes a relatively long time.  The basis is daily brushing using the right tools – a metal comb and a brush with medium-hard bristles. When combing the coat, do not forget about the paws, armpits, tail and ears, because these are the places where tangles most often form. Shih tzus will also require regular cutting in a professional grooming salon. This procedure is usually performed every two months.

Shih Tzus do not need frequent baths , as long as they are regularly brushed and do not tend to roll or get into puddles. This breed of dog should only be washed in dog cosmetics. It is recommended to use hypoallergenic shampoos and conditioners designed for dogs with long hair. After bathing, the dog should be thoroughly dried with a towel, squeezing out excess water, and then dried with a dryer set at a low temperature. Leaving a wet dog to dry promotes the formation of mats and skin rashes.

Shih Tzu Personality

Shih Tzus are cheerful, friendly and extremely devoted. Like most dogs bred for companionship, Shih Tzus love spending time with their owners, although they are not blindly obedient – these little dogs have a strong, rather independent character, which is why they can be stubborn and like to go their own way.

Are Shih Tzus Good Family Dogs?

Absolutely. These affectionate fluffballs adore being part of the family unit. They’re great with kids (as long as little hands are gentle), can tolerate other pets, and thrive when surrounded by love and belly rubs.

Are Shih Tzus Easy to Train?

Shih tzus are naturally independent and stubborn, so you can't expect them to be very involved in learning tricks or commands. A huge mistake in raising a dog of this breed is to use shouting or violence. Such punishments will additionally discourage the animal from cooperating and cause it to start avoiding its owner. Despite this, shih tzus easily adapt to the rules prevailing at home, as long as the household members consistently follow them.

Raising a dog of this breed can be difficult for novice owners, so after purchasing a puppy and the post-vaccination quarantine period, it is worth taking advantage of the offer of a dog kindergarten that organizes training combined with elements of socialization.

Do Shih Tzus Bark a Lot?

Shih Tzus can be a bit vocal – they’re not yappy, but they will let you know if someone’s at the door or if they’re not impressed by being left out. Early socialisation and gentle training help keep the barking balanced.

Are Shih Tzus Intelligent?

Yes – but don’t expect them to audition for Mensa. Their intelligence is more street-smarts than scholarly. They’re clever, observant, and know exactly how to get what they want. Especially if it involves a treat.

Can Shih Tzus Be Left Alone?

While they can manage short periods solo, Shih Tzus are happiest when they’re with their humans. Leaving them alone for long hours can lead to separation anxiety. If you’re out and about, make sure they have enrichment toys or consider a dog walker or sitter.

Can Shih Tzus Swim?

They can swim, but it’s not exactly their favourite pastime. Thanks to their compact bodies and heavy coats, swimming can be a bit of a workout. Always supervise near water, and if your pup’s a fan of paddling, consider a doggy life vest.

Shih Tzu Exercise

Shih Tzus love to play and move, but they are not designed for intense physical activity.  Regular walks are enough for this dog, during which it will have the opportunity to explore the surroundings and meet friendly dogs. Well-socialized dogs will also be happy to go for a city walk with a stop at a café, where it can sit on its owner's lap.

If you want to provide your shih tzu with interesting, quiet activities that will tire him out mentally, you can feed part of his meal in interactive toys. 

How Much Exercise Does a Shih Tzu Need?

About 30 minutes to an hour of gentle activity a day – think two walks and some playtime. These dogs enjoy a sniffari as much as a game of indoor fetch. Just don’t expect them to sign up for a marathon anytime soon.

Shih Tzu Health

Shih Tzus are an extremely long-lived breed – proper care, nutrition and preventive care can make this little dog accompany its owners for up to 20 years. However, this does not mean that Shih Tzus do not get sick.

Are Shih Tzus Prone to Any Health Conditions?

Yes, this breed is prone to:

•   heart disease (in particular tricuspid valve hypoplasia),

•   patella dislocation,

•   cataract ,

•   double rows and ectopic eyelashes,

•   eyeball prolapse,

•   kidney diseases (dysplasia, uric acid stones),

•   food and contact allergies ,

•   food intolerances ,

•   cleft palate,

•   discopathy.
  
  

The large eyes of the Shih Tzu are also worthy of special attention, as they are prone to injuries and inflammation. The owner of this breed should also regularly check the condition of the ears, which are often prone to various infections, and the length of the claws.

Overbreeding, over-miniatureization, and random pairing of dogs are the most common causes of genetic health problems in Shih Tzu. To reduce the risk of genetic diseases in your dog, puppies should only be purchased from responsible breeders who test their dogs before allowing them to breed.

Shih Tzu Cost

Thinking of adding a Shih Tzu to your family? Here’s what you can expect when it comes to the cost of bringing home your new best friend.

How Much Do Shih Tzus Cost?

A Shih Tzu puppy from a reputable breeder in the UK typically costs between £1,000–£2,000. Prices vary based on lineage, location, and breeder reputation. Ongoing costs like grooming, food, insurance, and vet care should also be factored in – because a royal pup deserves the best.

Shih Tzu Feeding

Fresh, human-grade dog food is a brilliant choice for Shih Tzus. With their small tummies and sensitive systems, avoiding fillers and additives is key. Meals rich in protein, veggies, and essential fats help keep their coats silky, energy levels stable, and those puppy eyes shining bright. Portion control is also important – these little ones can gain weight easily if overfed.